James Coleman
Elimination
How the Body gets rid of Morphine
LifetimeMorphine has a 1/2 life of 2 hours, so every 2 hours half of it decays. So it takes 2 hours to eliminate 1/2 the dose of morphine
Starting at 100% --> 50%--> 25% -->12.5%--> 6.25--> 3.125%--> 1.56% (each arrow represents the 2 hours passed) The body usually stops feeling the effects of morphine after 4-6 hours, so after 2-3 half lives, meaning the body stops feeling the effects at between 25-12% the dose of morphine. But, morphine stays in the body for much longer even though the effects aren't felt. It usually takes 12 hours to get rid of all the morphine in the body, so the body gets rid of the morphine after 6 half lives, or at 1.56% when the dosage is negligent. |
OxidationIf 1 gram of morphine was completely oxidized.....
4C17H19NO3 +85 O2--> 4NO2 + 38H2O + 68CO2 1g C17H19NO3 x (1 mol/285.34 g C17H19NO3)= .00350459 mol morphine .00350459mol C17H19NO3 x (85mol O2/4molC17H19NO3) =.07447254mol O2 .07447254mol O2 x (32g O2/mol) =2.38312128g of O2 needed for morphine to completely oxidize .00350459mol C17H19NO3 x (4molNO2/4molC17H19NO3) =.00350459molNO2 .00350459molNO2 x (46g/molNO2) =.16121114g NO2 produced .00350459mol C17H19NO3x(38mol H2O/4molC17H19NO3) =.0332936 mol H2O .0332936 mol H2O x (18.02g/mol H2O) =.59995067g H2O produced .00350459mol C17H19NO3x(68mol CO2/4molC17H19NO3) =.05957803mol CO2 .05957803mol CO2 x (44.01g/molCO2) =2.6220291g CO2 produced What Really HappensIn the first phase of metabolization, N is oxidized
C17H19NO3--> NOx + The Rest of C17H19Nx There is still some N attached to morphine which is broken down in phase 2. Morphine USUALLY oxidizes into NO2 so if 1 g of morphine is oxidized: 1g C17H19NO3 x (1 mol/285.34 g C17H19NO3)= .00350459 mol morphine .00350459mol morphinex(1mol NO2/1mol morphine) =.00350459 mol NO2 .00350459mol NO2 x(46.055g/mol NO2)= .1614gNO2 In Phase 2: C17H19Nx--> C2H5NO2 or C17H19Nx --> C6H10O7 |
Excretion
Morphine is broken down by the body and is excreted in urine, the majority of a dosage is eliminated within the first 72 hours. When morphine is "broken down by the body" it is being metabolized in the liver where it undergoes oxidation.
Morphine undergoes 2 phases of metabolization. Phase 1, N- and O- in morphine is oxidized. In phase 2, morphine is broken by enzymes into glucuronic acid C6H10O7, or glycine (C2H5NO2)
When morphine is excreted in the urine it undergoes renal excretion where the morphine passes through the kidney into the blood and finally into the urine.
Another way Morphine is excreted is through biliary excretion where the morphine exits the body through the process of vomiting.
Morphine undergoes 2 phases of metabolization. Phase 1, N- and O- in morphine is oxidized. In phase 2, morphine is broken by enzymes into glucuronic acid C6H10O7, or glycine (C2H5NO2)
When morphine is excreted in the urine it undergoes renal excretion where the morphine passes through the kidney into the blood and finally into the urine.
Another way Morphine is excreted is through biliary excretion where the morphine exits the body through the process of vomiting.